ILG has been assisting, advising, and representing clients before the Hon’ble Supreme Court, High Courts and all District Courts, Arbitration Tribunals, Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRT), National Company Law Tribunal(NCLT), Competition Commission of India(CCI), National Green Tribunal (NGT), Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) & Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) and Boards across India.
Within a short period, ILG has developed its own identity, characterized by values that are deeply connected to India’s history and culture of fairness & equality upon which the practice of law is founded.
Our litigation team has been assisting in litigation – both civil and criminal, commercial arbitration, recovery suits, matrimonial suits, debt recovery proceedings domestic violence petitions, corporate frauds & white caller crimes, insolvency & winding-up petitions, consumer rights, motor accident claims, and many more areas.
A brief overview of Courts & Jurisdiction in India
The Supreme Court, also known as the apex court, exercises appellate jurisdiction in India. Next in the hierarchy are the 25 High Courts established in different states and union territories of India.
Jurisdiction of courts is based upon subject matter, territorial and pecuniary jurisdiction. Specialized Tribunals & Commissions have been constituted under certain special laws that alone have jurisdiction to decide matters delineated under such laws.
Family courts have been established under the Family Courts Act 1984 to entertain matrimonial, divorce, domestic violence, maintenance, and custodial disputes. Consumer Commissions have been established at various levels to entertain complaints under the Consumer Protection Act 1986.
The National Company Law Tribunals and the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal have been constituted to deal with cases related to Bankruptcy, Insolvency, and Liquidations under the Companies Act 2013 as well as the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016.
Similarly, the National Green Tribunal has been constituted to deal with air & water pollution, waste management, plants, forests, and wildlife issues. Civil Courts and Tribunals entertain petitions based on the territorial limits of jurisdiction and the value of the claims. Criminal cases are entertained either before the Courts of Magistrates or Session Judges, as classified under the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973.
Generally, Appeals from the Orders of District Courts (Civil & Criminal) lie before the High Court of the State, and appeals from the Orders of the High Courts lie before the Supreme Court of India.
A bench, usually comprising two judges, hears the matters in the Supreme Court of India, except larger benches, which are constituted to deal with specific issues. In the High Courts, the bench comprises a single judge or a division bench of two judges. Likewise, the District Courts are presided by single judges.
Since the commencement of the Commercial Courts, Commercial Division, and Commercial Appellate Division of High Courts Act 2015, Commercial Courts at the District and High Court levels have been constituted to exclusively deal with ‘commercial disputes’.
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